Collections made by Daniel Harder

Common, prostrate vine among grasses; leaves and shoots pale green; fruit juicy; pale yellow-green flesh, light orange around seeds. "Cucumber" scent to flesh.

Frequent herb to 2.5 m; outer petals pink, upper pink; lower lip orange; anthers yellow-orange; stigma white; plant stalk 2.5 m long; leaf length 0.33 m.

Occasional shrub along stream; petioles pink; calyx light green; lobes tipped in pink; young fruits light green.

Occasional large tree to 10 m; calyx green; corolla tube white; male flowers, stamen on long column, red; female flowers, may be sterile; central flower white filaments, fertile?; anthers red.

Occasional; from edge of pan in broken woodland; shrub to 1.75 m; leaves deep green, shiny above; young stems brown; upper, herbaceous stems purple; calyx and corolla (except "keel") red-pink; keel white; slight foetid smell to plant.

Occasional; at forest margin; stems red-purple to dull green-brown; pedicel and calyx dull pink; corolla pink to purple; infructescence inflated and lighter green; to 2 m high.

Fern, on road cut with mosses, separate fertile and sterile fronds, base of fronds with golden-brown hairs.

Annual; herb in seasonally wet area; stems golden-yellow to reddish; petals pink; anthers yellow.

Rare; tree to 5 m; at edge of stream, rough texture to twigs; calyx light green; fruit light green with lighter spots.

Widespread; on south slope; among rocks; rachis brown; sporangia light brown.

Frequent; shrub; young stems, shoot tips, petioles and midribs red-brown; fruit light green.

Occasional; culm-forming; perennial to 1.5 m; upper stem purple-red; bracts glaucous light purple.

Frequent in mushitu; fronds to 1.75 m; in deep leaf litter; sporangia in lobes of leaflets light brown.

Tree; 7 m; bark dark black-brown with light yellow fissures; leaves light green, lighter below; midrib yellow-brown, young fruit light green, somewhat succulent.

Tree to 5 m, rough, dark bark; golden hairs on petiole and petiolule and midrib; banner white with green at base; calyx green with darker hairs; filaments orange.

Frequent tree to 7 m; rough grey bark, infected with round galls; pods green, to 30 cm long.

Slender tree to 3 m tall; bark grey; buds golden brown, pubescent, banner white with yellow stripes from centre inside; anthers and filaments yellow-orange, young fruits light-green.

Tree; to 10 m; rough light brown bark; underside of leaflets and especially along midribs with brown hairs; immature pods juicy green.

Tree; in forest; 2 m tall; upper stems and abaxial leaf surfaces with golden brown hairs; fruit dull light green; bark grey.

Tree; occasional in Kalahari woodland; to 8 m; leaves dull green; fruits light green.

Tree to 10, common in woodland. Stem with grey-brown bark. Leaves light yellow, appearing bluish on the underside. Fruits averaging 60 cm long, yellowish green.

Frequent from thickened base with thick roots with velamen; stalks light green; outer petals light purple and white; inner petals white; labellum petal white with deeper purple spots; rostellum deep purple; young fruit light green with small purple spots, turning all purple.

Locally frequent but not widespread herb from rhizome; leaves and bracts green; outer tepals light purple; labellum light purple spotted with deeper spots; upper petals light purple; rostellum darker purple.

Frequent; tree of all sizes; multiple-trunked; all parts with golden-brown hairs; young pods yellow-green; bark tan-grey.

Occasional; on rock in light shade; pseudobulb light yellow-green; leaves light green; outer petals light orange; inner petals deeper red-orange.

Frequent herb among rocks above falls; petals creamy white, yellow at base; rostellum yellow.

Twining and scrambling up shrubs and grasses; common; calyx light yellow; petals creamy-white; young fruits green turning clear white; yellow tinge to older parts.

Occasional; from thickened rhizome; all flower parts light green; upper tepal hooded and spurred; inner upper tepals in hood; lateral tepals fringed, light green-white at base; orange at base of hooded calyx.

Rare; lianescent shrub in deep shade; tepals green; anthers yellow-orange; fruit light orange.

Frequent; grass, in full sun; shorter in pure sand; lower stems red-purple; red-purple at nodes; bracts light yellow-green, glumes with light purple tinge.

Rare; in pan near water; leaves and stems light green; fruit streaked like a watermelon with darker green patterning.

Rare understory tree to 3 m; young fruit white to light green turning slightly red to purple; "citrusy" aroma of fruits and twigs.

Subshrub on upper fringes of the gorge; leaves slightly shiny and rough; flowers purple.

Tree; approx. 2.5 m tall; stems greyish black; leaves smooth, dark green on top, light green underneath; pods oval shaped, dark green.

Tree to shrub, approx. 1.5 m tall; bark greyish black; leaves dark green, and smooth on top, light green underneath; calyx light green, persistent; fruit smooth light green.

Shrub; abundant in the thicket understory; brown-grey stem bark; leaves smooth, shiny, light green; flowers yellow with yellowish green calyx.

Occasional; tree; to 3.5 m; in thicket; flat roundish pods; leaves shiny on upper surface; small, brown hairs, scanty, on stem and leaves.

Occasional; shrub to 2.5 m; in woodland; forms many branches, from the base; stem brown; fruit green, one seed.

Shrub; common; in Kalahari woodland on deep white Kalahari sands; stems brown; leaves light green; fruits, resinous, flat oval, green.

2 m tall; occasional; of waste places; stems dull red-green; stipule tips and exterior of leaf bases red; calyx light green; petals yellow; anthers dull orange-yellow; fruit ribbed dark green.

Spreading, prostrate suffrutex; latex white; leaves deep green above, lighter below; calyx green; lobes tipped in purple; petals light green.

Frequent in miombo from woody root; stems brown-purple; sap milky; calyx light green; petals white.

Frequent in deep shade; crown of plant raised above soil surface.

Rare in woodland; male flowers only; calyx green; corolla light yellow; anthers yellow.

Rare twining in grasses; male and female flowers similar, pollen in anthers bright yellow; stigma green; young fruit striped in longitudinal, darker green stripes.

Large spreading vine; rough stems; female flowers only; calyx green; petals yellow; fruit in nodal clusters, dark green with longitudinal light green lines and markings.

Frequent in closed miombo on Brachystegia. All floral parts translucent yellow-white, dark spot at tip of rostellum; musky-sweet fragrance.

Common shrub to 2 m; leaflets light green; petioles tinged red-brown; calyx green; petals white.

Occasional tree in woodland and among rocks; stems grey, young twigs brown with minute white lenticels; midrib of leaf yellow; paired fruit light brown with lighter spots; latex from cortex and phloem white.

12 m tall tree x 20 cm dbh; latex white turning light yellow; fruits dull green-brown with lighter lenticels.

Infrequent among rocks above falls; secretory hairs red; petals red to pink-purple (?).

Abundant herb between grasses; calyx light purple-pink; petals pink; secretory hairs red.

Frequent at edge of dry dambo; upper surface of peduncle and inflorescence bracts deep purple-red.

Occasional, in constantly wet area in mist of falls; plants pale green to yellow; bracts light green to red.

Occasional in standing water; to 1 m; stem green; sheath purplish at base; ligule yellowish; bracts brown.

Tree 10 m; rough, grey bark, thornless; calyx light green; filaments white; anthers light yellow; inflorescence turning orange then brown.

Tree 5-6 m with sweet flower scent; white filaments with yellow anthers ageing to yellow flowers.

Tree; 10 m tall; rough tan bark; young parts of plant covered with brown tomentum; pedicel green; calyx red-orange; corolla red-orange, turning deeper red; pods light green constricted strongly between seeds; clear latex from cut stems; stems covered with short, hooked spines.

Occasional shrub among rocks and at margin of riverine forest; young growth slightly red; calyx green; petals light green-white; flowers cleistogamous (?) never fully open; corolla turns bright red when receptive; protogynous.

Rare among sedges and Typha, 1 m tall; from fleshy rhizome; inflorescence stalk green and speckled deeper purple-red; pedicel green with red spots; outer petals maroon; upper 2 petals light yellow; labellum yellow with red, central platform with deep yellow; rostellulm light yellow-green tipped in maroon.

Occasional from rhizome; lowest leaf sheath white with purple streaks and tinged purple; outer ("upper") tepals purple-red; upper two petals pink outside white inside; rostellum white; labellum cup-like, green at base, streaked red-purple to pink at middle, dark purple-pink at middle, dark purple-pink at lobe outside; pink streaked, dark purple inside to pink and purple-pink at lip.

Rare herb in woodland, from rhizome; lower petals green with purple color at base, becoming brown and dried in older flowers; upper petals pink outside, white at base and inside; labellum white with yellow on shallow spur outside, purple at platform with dark purple-maroon at ridges; ridges yellow; rostellum white.

Rare in woodland from flattened rhizome; inflorescence stalk speckled purple; outer petals pink-purple; upper petal pink-purple; labellum deep purple with greenish flanks; rostellum dark purple; stigma green.

Frequent herb from rhizome (not recovered); lowest leaf sheaths purple; outer tepals white at base, green at tip with small purple patch on back; upper, inner tepals white, lower tepal with light purple spur outside; labellum purple-brown streaked on ridges inside; rostellum white; antheridia bright yellow.

Frequent along banks of river and spreading up slopes; pseudo bulbs and root with velamen; pedicel maroon; outer petals green-yellow spotted purple-maroon; 2 upper petals yellow outside, white inside; labellum yellow outside; spur maroon; platform yellow, maroon in throat; pollinia orange.

Dwarf, stunted tree in stream bed on rock; petioles yellow; latex white when cut; infructescences from base of plant; fruits green with irregular lighter spots.

Occasional, tree to 2 m, 5 cm dbh, in rock crevice; bark grey-brown; smooth; cortical and phloem latex white; fruit green with lighter, irregular spots. Young leaves rusty-red brown.

Frequent shrub with flaky brown bark; calyx reddish; young fruits green, purple when mature.

Male plant; shrub to 3 m; calyx reddish; filaments and anthers yellow.

Occasional tree to 8 m; armed with spines on twigs and branches; young fruits light green.

Occasional shrub to 4 m in stream wash; spiny, fruit light green turning light red to purple, fruits edible.

Shrub to 2 m; in drier habitat along roadside; young fruit green to yellow to deep purple.

Occasional lianescent shrub to 3 m; leaves light green, darker along veins; young foliage reddish; flowers light greenish-yellow.

Lianescent shrub; to 8 m; in canopy, branches dull grey, leaves light green, immature fruit glaucous green.

Shrub in woodland, leaves dull green, fruit light green, glaucous, turning pale red.

Widespread; lianescent shrub; to 4 m; stems grey; leaves a light green-grey abaxially; petals yellow; young fruit a dull, green-grey.

Frequent herb in marshy area; most flower buds destroyed by herbivory; tepals deep pink; darker spots on throat.

Rare; in disturbed area, scrambling herb to 1.5 m; tepals with light green/yellow fringes; deep maroon-red medially; anthers bright yellow/orange turning orange. Tuber fleshy, bright white.

Occasional climber to 1.5 m; from white fleshy root; tepals bright red with yellow medially, green to deep red at base; filaments green; anthers yellow inside.

Frequent; along streamside; weakly climbing via leaf tendrils; tepals orange, edged in yellow; filaments yellow-orange; immature fruit green.

Infrequent in tall grasses in wet area; petals bright yellow.

Occasional and widespread; most past flowering; lower stems red; upper bracts light yellow-green; corolla all bright yellow.

Rare in dambo; to 0.75 m tall; leaves yellow-green; inflorescence bracts green; corolla tubes light red outside; deep red on lobes of older flowers; light orange-red on new flowers.

Widespread, occasional in wet grassland; bracts light green at base, red-purple at lobe; corolla bright yellow.

Tree; approx. 10 m tall; bark greyish black; leaves smooth, dark green on top, light green underneath; flower petals white with a brown tint on the outer petals; fruits light green.

Tree; widespread; in Kalahari woodland; to 18 m tall; leaves shiny green; flowers cream; anthers brown.

Occasional among grasses; lowest leaf white with black nerves; all tepals green; rostellum white.

Occasional; in woodland; ligule red; between grains of inflorescence also red to all red-purple.

Shrub in forest patch; calyx green; corolla white, weakly wooded; style white, slightly aromatic.

Occasional; on dambo margin and on termite mounds; calyx light green-yellow; corolla white becoming brown; flesh around fruit orange.

Arching shrub; to 2 m tall; on flanks of termitaria; leaves light green; calyx very light green; corolla all white; fruit light green to cream to soft orange.

Scrambling vine; to 6 m; elastic vines; in ground and floating on water; buds light purple; corolla bright purple.

Occasional, in sun, upright then twining on grasses, stem light purple-pink; calyx deep green; corolla bright blue, light white at base inside, anthers white.

Tree; ca. 7 m tall; bark and branches dark brown; leaves smooth, dark green; inflorescence: calyx dark green with a brown tint; stigmas light yellow.

Tree of over 20 m tall. Brown bracts enclosing cream petals and stamens. Pistil with brown base and light green stigma.

Tree; 10 m x 15 cm DBH. Twigs tan, smooth. Calyx yellow-brown, velvety. Filaments and anthers cream-white. Flowers with sweet fragrance.

Weak tree to 4 m on rocky slopes; calyx green; petals creamy white; anthers yellow; new foliage with slight red cast.

Annual, abundant in mud flat; stem light yellow-green; outer floret bracts striped in deep red.

Frequent twiner to 2.5 m long; hirsute hairs irritating; calyx light green; corolla white, with light green lines.

Frequent; at edge of pan; stems pale green at base; ligules bristly light brown; upper stems reddish; bracts light brown; awns dark brown-black at seed, light tan distally.

Slender tree, 2 m tall; at edge of forest; calyx green; petals dull white-green; young fruit green.

Occasional suffrutex among rocks; leaves pale green; calyx yellow-green; petals white; anthers yellow.

Frequent tree to 6 m branching near to base; twigs light brown; fruit light green.

Rare; in woodland (and Mavunda) bracts green; leaves with waxy edges. Shade.

Frequent herb to 1.5 m; light green; calyx light green, longitudinally, striped darker green; corolla light purple; filaments light purple; anthers brown; aromatic.

Frequent in understory; 1.5 m tall; sporangia light brown; fronds from central rosette.

Infrequent suffrutex from fleshy roots; nodes purple; pedicel and base of calyx purple-black; at anthesis calyx translucent green; petals light purple; filaments white; anthers blue.

Frequent and widely scattered herb from fleshy root; lower nodes red; nodes of inflorescence and base of calyx purple; calyx lobes green; petals light purple; anthers yellow.

Occasional herb from thickened roots; leaves reddish at bases; pedicels light pink-purple; calyx light green; petals purple; anthers yellow; style white; immature fruits light green to light purple.

Occasional linaescent shrub near water; stems brown with white lenticels; petioles and midrib pink; calyx and lobes green; corolla tube green outside; lobes bright yellow inside with triangular patches of rust-brown hairs forming a star around throat; young fruit green turning yellow at maturity; seeds black surrounded by sweet orange flesh; edible.

Occasional; lianescent shrub; to 5 m; in understory; weak-wooded; calyx green; outer surface of corolla tube light green, bright yellow on lobes, brown at base inside and on tube.

Occasional small shrub above falls; petiole and leaf veins tinted red below; inflorescence red; bracts red; calyx and corolla red; anthers light yellow-white.

Occasional; in woodland; stems light brown; stems with light brown hairs; fruit light green with red spots.

Occasional; fern; on mossy trunk; rhizome light brown; sporangia light brown.

Fern; in soil; older rachi black with brown hairs; sporangia dark brown.

Occasional in woodland on slopes; from watery, fleshy corm; stalk purplish; bracts green; ovary purple; outer petals green; labellum white with red nerving inside and out; ridges white and pink; rostellum green with purple.

Occasional, widespread; annual in dambo; stems red-purple; calyx deep red-purple; petals purple, lighter outside; anthers white.

Occasional; lower stems purple; leaves light green, tipped in purple; ray florets light, bright yellow; disk florets deeper yellow; outer anthers tinged in purple.

Occasional herb at edge of pond among rocks, weakly woody; calyx green; petals white; filaments and anthers white.

Occasional suffrutex in rocky area; new leaves light red; calyx red-pink; petals pink-white; anthers white; stigma pink; young ovary pink.

Abundant prostrate herb from woody root, suffrutex; calyx purple steaked; corolla light pink-purple; upper lobes streaked deeper purple inside.

Occasional and widely scattered suffrutex; calyx green, lobes edged in deep purple; corolla tube outside and lower petals light pink; upper petal lobes deeper pink with purple streaks; filaments light pink at base, deeper pink at tip.

Rare; tree; to 8 m with large load of lichens; weak-wooded; abaxial leaf surfaces light tan with darker hairs, especially at petiole base; fruit light green with brown hairs, darker along ridge.

Locally abundant but not widespread; all green; spores white, released in a cloud when touched.

Suffrutex from woody-fleshy rootstock along roadside; calyx green; lobe tips red; corolla green outside, white inside, sweetly fragrant

Frequent along stream among rocks; forms woody trunks to 15 cm; fronds to 1 m, most smaller; stalks pink-red; leaflets light green; fertile fronds at end of vegetative sporangia light brown.

Tree to 5 m x 20 cm dbh; frequent; abaxial leaf surface white, midrib brown; fruits deep green with brown lenticels.

Locally abundant but not widespread among rocks, from fleshy root; bracts orange; all petals orange; rostellum lighter orange; young fruits light orange.

Occasional; nodes brown; bracts light green.

Terrestrial in deep organic matter at base of buttressed roots; outer sporangial bracts yellow; spores light yellow-white.

Occasional in deep shade in wet soil; marginal sporangia light brown, fronds to 1.5 m.

Tree, 4 m x 15 cm DBH, copiced. Stems with light grey bark; leaves dark green above, grey-white underneath; fruits with light green wings with brown to khaki bristles in the center.

Fairly common tree. Round winged fruit.

Tree along river banks, 13 m tall; fruits green; latex white.

Tree to 8 m along rock wall and in deep shade; leaves deep green glossy above, lighter duller below; calyx yellow and white at edges; anthers yellow; filaments white; petals yellow at base; fruits light green.

Widespread from thickened root; stems yellow-orange at base; inflorescence bracts white.

Tree in woodland 8 m tall; pendant flowers fragrant; calyx green with brown hairs; corolla tube white outside; lobes white inside, green at edge of throat, speckled red on green in throat; young fruits brown.

Occasional tree to 5 m; leaves pale green; fruit brown.

Occasional tree to 4 m; in woodland; leaves with light yellow veins adaxially; calyx yellow-green; corolla tube with white outside; lobes and throat with red spots; anthers white; stigma light yellow-white.

Shrub to small tree; in woodland; upper stems, pedicels and fruit with red-brown hairs.

Rare in marshy area; bracts tipped in white; upper petals white; labellum yellow, from rhizome; fruits green; flowers becoming brown after pollination.

Frequent in the wettest spots; stalk white; leaves light green; all petals white; subtending bract white with green base; labellum petal white on lobes, yellow in center; rostellum yellow, from fleshy root.

Occasional; leaning on grasses along stream; stems green to purple; outer bracts green; florets yellow with bright yellow rays; fruit becoming black with stiff, white hairs.

Widespread; but not abundant shrub to small tree; to 5 m tall; leaves pale green; samara light green.

Common; shrub to tree; young branches yellow-green; leaves light green; samara green-yellow to tinged in red-purple.

Liana to 10 m; branches black with lighter lenticels; young fruit light green, sometimes tinted red.

Common; among limestone boulders; leaves pale green; stems red-brown; pulvini red; calyx pale green; standard green-yellow-red outside, yellow inside; wings yellow; keel yellow with some green; pods green to light yellow; seeds dull black.

Frequent; woody shrub to 0.5 m among rocks; flaky light brown bark; calyx light green; tube of corolla pink and brown outside; pink-purple on lobes; anthers yellow.

Rare shrub to 3 m; calyx light green at base; lobes light pink; corolla tube light green, tinged pink; lobes white, tinged pink outside; lobes white inside; filaments white; stigma white. Sweetly fragrant.

Frequent lianescent shrub in woodland; older stems grey, younger brown, both with lighter lenticels; pedicel purple; calyx purple at base, light green on lobes; corolla tube white outside; lobes pink, purple and white; processes purple-pink; throat longitudinally purple and white stripes.

Widespread and frequent; in fruit rarely and only; leaves dull green above, white beneath; fruit in pairs; usually dark brown-black, with white spots; latex white.

Occasional lianescent shrub to 4 m; in shade; stems with black pubescence and branch tendrils; female flowers at base of branches yellow-orange outside; with white pubescence inside; small "cones" distally with small green bracts.

Annual; widespread in abandoned field; upper inflorescence bracts white; calyx green with upper petals with purple markings; corolla mostly white with deep purple edge at opening; strongly aromatic.

Frequent; suffretex, young leaves with purple tinge; fruit green turning light green to purple. Edible when ripe?

Suffretex, abundant at edge of marsh, stems with red-brown bark; fruit a pale green turning purple; filaments white; anthers yellow, bracts light green.

Occasional; suffrutex; early woody; fruit light green; turning purple when ripe; edible.

Suffretex; forming large colonies; underground stems brown; calyx green; petals and anthers white; fruit green becoming purple.

Occasional tree 8 m tall with 15 m wide canopy; stems deep green; pedicels lighter green with darker green spots; calyx light green; corolla tube light greenish white; lobes white on inside, yellow in throat; latex white.

Rare; herb; from unrecovered corm; corm flesh white; lower petiole light purple and speckled; only remnant of inflorescence; seed brown, shrunken.

Rare; probably cultivated, shrub to 2 m; calyx light green with dark hairs; petals all white; pods brown. Root used as fish poison.

Occasional; parasitic; from scaly rhizome; fleshy cortex yellow; upper scales red-pink.

Frequent herb to 1 m tall in burned woodland. Calyx pale white-purple, purple at lobe tips; corolla light yellow with purple spots at base, maroon-purple at upper end and on lobes; lobes deep purple, deeper yellow in throat with purple streaks.

Weak-wooded small tree to 3 m; male flowers light yellow; female flowers green with white papillae; upper leaf surface dark green, lower yellow-golden.

Occasional; on Brachystegia, 8 m up on lateral branches; erect; leaf sheaths dull yellow, leaves green; nectary spur green; petals all orange-yellow with lighter yellow rostellum [Living Collection also at MO].

Rare on tree branch; all petals light orange-brown; pollinia yellow.

Tall; frequent shrub to 2 m; stems dull red-brown; calyx green; petals pink, red at base of throat; staminal column pink with red anthers.

Occasional climber in understory; in bud only, buds light green.

Widespread but not abundant; leaf to 25 cm, from fleshy tuber; young fruits bright green. [Living Material for K].

Occasional; perennial; in shallow soil with quartz rocks; from fleshy corm (not collected); tepals light purple; anthers coalesced and yellow basally, a thin black band, then white-tipped.

Widespread; resprouted shrub to 1.5 m; stems brown-black, with lighter brown lenticels; leaves deep green above, lighter and dull below; outer petals golden-orange outside; inside of outer and all of inner petals banana yellow; ring of anthers red; sweetly fragrant.

Widespread; in disturbed area and in shady understory with tendrils; petals white; very succulent stems; fruit a dull, light green.

Common; slender tree; 4 m x 8 cm dbh; pale light grey, smooth bark; armed; stems dull red-brown; thorns red-brown; tepals dull yellow-green, anthers and nectary disk same color; gynoecium green; fruit dull deep green; flowers sweetly aromatic.